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Archdiocese of Milan

Coordinates: 45°27′51.51″N 9°11′30.64″E / 45.4643083°N 9.1918444°E / 45.4643083; 9.1918444
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Archdiocese of Milan

Archidioecesis Mediolanensis

Arcidiocesi di Milano
Milan Cathedral
Location
CountryItaly
Statistics
Area4,243 km2 (1,638 sq mi)
Population
  • Total
  • Catholics
  • (as of 2023)
  • 5,647,000 (est.) Increase
  • 4,942,000 (est.) Decrease
Parishes1,107
Information
DenominationCatholic
Sui iuris churchLatin Church
Rite
Established1st century (diocese)
374 (archdiocese)
CathedralCattedrale di S. Maria Nascente
Secular priests1,650 (diocesan) Decrease
719 (Religious Orders) Decrease
156 Permanent Deacons
Current leadership
PopeLeo XIV
ArchbishopMario Delpini
Auxiliary Bishops
Bishops emeritus
Map
Website
chiesadimilano.it

The Archdiocese of Milan (Italian: Arcidiocesi di Milano; Latin: Archidioecesis Mediolanensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or archdiocese of the Catholic Church in Italy which covers the areas of Milan, Monza, Lecco and Varese.

The Archdiocese of Milan is the metropolitan see of the ecclesiastical province of Milan, which includes the suffragan dioceses of Bergamo, Brescia, Como, Crema, Cremona, Lodi, Mantova, Pavia, and Vigevano.[1][2] It has long maintained its own Latin liturgical rite usage, the Ambrosian rite, which is still used in the greater part of the diocesan territory.[3]

Among its past archbishops, the better known are Ambrose, Charles Borromeo, Pope Pius XI and Pope Paul VI.

Milan's archdiocese is the largest in Europe,[4] and the one having the most priests in the world, with, as of 2021, 2,450 priests living in the diocese, among whom 1,712 are secular priests.

History

[edit]

According to the legend, the Gospel was brought to Milan by the apostle Barnabas,[5] and the first Bishop of Milan, Anathalon, was a disciple of that apostle.[6] But a diocese cannot have been established there, as such, before 200, as the dioceses of the church evolved from the civil (Roman) dioceses following the reforms of Emperor Diocletian, for the list of the bishops of Milan names only five predecessors of Mirocles, who participated at the Lateran council held in 313 in Rome. During the persecutions of the third and early fourth century, several Christians suffered martyrdom and were venerated at Milan: among them Gervasius and Protasius (first persecution of Diocletian), Victor, Nabor and Felix, and Nazarius and Celsus. The persecutions ended in 313 when the Emperors Constantine I and Licinius issued the Edict of Milan which proclaimed the religious toleration in the Roman Empire.

Among its bishops should be named Eustorgius I and Dionysius, who firmly opposed apostasy imposed by the Roman Emperor Constantius II; Dionysus was exiled to Cappadocia (355). The Arian Emperor Constans, employing violence, then imposed Auxentius on the diocese of Milan. His appointment was bitterly opposed by the orthodox Hilary of Poitiers, who wrote a diatribe In Constantiam, condemning the emperor's actions.[7] Auxentius was deposed by a Roman synod of Pope Damasus I in 372. At the death of Auxentius, Ambrose was elected bishop by the people of Milan (374-397).[8]

Among his successors was Bishop Dacius (c. 535-552). While Pope Vigilius was on his trip to Constantinople and staying in Sicily, from 545 to 546, he received information that Bishop Decius and some other bishops had broken communion with the patriarch of Constantinople, over the issue of the Three Chapters. In 537 and 538, he lived in Rome, having fled from Milan on account of the Gothic War.[9] At some point between 537 and 546, Bishop Decius made a personal visit to Constantinople. He was in Constantinople again in 550, when he and Pope Vigilius engaged in conversations with the Emperor Justinian. He was in Constantinople with Pope Vigilius, when he died early in 552; his body was repatriated.[10]

Lombards, Greeks, and others

[edit]

During the Lombard invasion, many troubles were inflicted on the church in Milan. The Schism of the Three Chapters guaranteed autonomy of the Milanese Church for 38 years, since the Lombards were enemies of the Byzantines. At the siege of Milan by the Lombard Alboin, the Bishop Honoratus (568) sought refuge in Genoa, with a great number of his clergy, which returned to Milan only 70 years later under John the Good.

On 6 April 1027, Pope John XIX and a Roman council settled the long standing issue of the independence of the diocese of Milan from the aggressions of the diocese of Ravenna.[11]

Archbishop Ariberto da Intimiano (1018–1045) was excommunicated and anathematized by Pope Benedict IX on 26 March 1038, due to his stubborn opposition to the Emperor Conrad II.[12]

In the 10th century, the archbishops of Milan became a feudatory vassal of the Emperor extending his jurisdiction to all northwest Italy. The most distinguished of these was Ariberto da Intimiano (1018–45). As the power of the burghers grew, that of the archbishops waned, and with it the imperial authority which the prelate represented, and from the 12th century Milan became a Guelph town that fought the Emperor.[13] The archbishop Ottone Visconti in the 13th-century caused himself to be proclaimed perpetual lord, thus putting an end to the Republic of Milan and establishing the power of the House of Visconti who ruled the Duchy of Milan from 1277 to 1447.

On 1 November 1535, Duke Francesco II Sforza died without heir, and the fief revereted to the sovereign, the Emperor Charles V, who had reconquered Milan from the French in 1525 at the Battle of Pavia. In 1540, he granted Milan to his son, Philip.[14]

Attempts at reform

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During the brief reign of Pope Stephen IX (1057–1058), who was the brother of the duke of Lorraine, Archbishop Guido of Milan held a synod in the diocese of Novara, in a place called ad Fontanetum, where the leaders of the Patari, Arialdus and Landulfus, were excommunicated. They had been promoting a reform of the clergy in the diocese, which was directed particularly against the widespread Milanese custom of clerical marriage. The uproar in Lombardy was so severe that Archbishop Guido travelled secretly to Rome, to obtain the active support of the pope. He was severely disappointed, as many in the papal court were committed reformers. Pope Stephen removed the excommunication of Arialdus.[15]

At the accession of Pope Nicholas II in 1058, the people of Milan, at their own request, were sent an Apostolic Visitator, Cardinal Peter Damiani, to restore order in their church, which was filled with simony and priestly concubinage.[16] Archbishop Guido da Velate (1045–1071) was summoned to the synod held by Pope Nicholas in Rome in April 1059. The principal topic of discussion was simony, and Guido was among many who were accused. He was able to escape from the attack.[17] He was finally caught and, in c. 1064, he was suspended from office by Pope Alexander II (1061–1073); in early 1066, he was excommunicated.[18]

After Archbishop Guido was excommunicated, the Emperor Henry IV attempted to take advantage of the situation and had his nominee, Gotofredo da Castiglione, a canon of the cathedral, elected Archbishop while Guido was still alive.[19] Pope Alexander condemned his election.[20]

Borromeo and the synod system

[edit]

The figure who marked the modern history of the church of Milan was Charles Borromeo, archbishop of Milan from 1564 to 1584,[21] who was a leading figure during the Counter-Reformation and was responsible for significant reforms in the Catholic Church. He held eleven diocesan synods: in August 1564, 4 August 1568, 1772, 16 November 1774, 1778, 1779,[22]

Cardinal Carlo Borromeo also held six provincial synods, meeting in the cathedral of Milan. The bishops of the province,[23] as well as the canons of the cathedrals and of the collegiate churches, were expected to attend. The first took place in 1565; the second in 1569; the third in 1573; the fourth in 1576; the fifth in 1579; the sixth in 1582; a seventh was planned, but he died in 1584.[24] His immediate successor, Cardinal Gaspare Visconti (1584–1595), continued Borromeo's practice, with a diocesan synod of 1586, another in 1587, a third in 1589, and again in 1590, and in 1591, and finally a sixth in 1593.[25]

His pastoral efforts were followed by his successors, such as his cousin, Cardinal Federico Borromeo (1595–1631),[26] who held diocesan synods in 1596, 1602, 1603, 1604, 1606, 1608, 1611, 1613, 1614, 1622, and 1627.[27] Cardinal Cesare Monti (1632–1650) in eighteen years held a diocesan synod in 1636, 1640, and 1650.[28] Cardinal Alfonso Litta (1652–1679) in twenty-seven years held diocesan synods in 1658 and 1669.[29] and Giuseppe Pozzobonelli (died 1783).

Chapter and Cathedral

[edit]

The cathedral of Milan is dedicated to the Nativity of the Virgin Mary, It is served and administered by a corporation called the Chapter, which is composed of five dignities (the Archpriest, the Archdeacon, the Primicerius, the Provost, and the Deacon), of three personalities (the Theologus, the Penitentiarius, and the Doctor Prebendatus), and twenty-two canons ordinary.[30]

Anselm da Baggio (Anselm of Lucca) had once been canon ordinary of the cathedral of Milan, before he was elected Pope Alexander II (1061–1073).[31]

Archbishop Ottone Visconti (1262–1295) attended the Second Council of Lyon in 1274 and 1275, returning to Italy in the company of Pope Gregory X. Pope Gregory visited Milan in November 1275.[32] On 20 April 1277, Archbishop Otto decreed that all canons ordinary of the cathedral Chapter had to be members of the nobility.[33] As temporal sovereign of Milan, Archbishop Ottone established a tribunal of six members in 1282, to preside over the affairs and common defense of Milan.[34] In 1284, Otto became the first archbishop of Milan to refer to his tenure dei gratia et Apostolicae Sedis ('thanks to God and the Pope'). Later in the year, he entered into a league with Rudolf, King of the Romans, who provided him with troops to defend Milan.[35] In 1287, he arranged an alliance of Milan, Pavia, Piacenza, and Brescia with Amadeus of Savoy.[36]

Bu order of the Executive Directory of the Cisalpine Republic, the Chapter of the cathedral of Milan was abolished on 19 May 1798. In the Concordat of 16 September 1803, signed by Pope Pius VII and Napoleon Bonaparte, First Consul of the French Republic and President of the Italian Republic, the Chapter was restored.[37]

Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor of the French, was crowned king of Italy, the successor state of the Italian Republic, in the cathedral of Milan, by Cardinal Giovanni Battista Caprara, on 23 May 1805.[38]

In the 20th century, two Cardinal Archbishops of Milan were elected to the papacy: in 1922, Cardinal Achille Ratti was elected as Pope Pius XI, and in 1963 Cardinal Giovanni Battista Montini was elected as Pope Paul VI. The church of Milan was governed from 1979 to 2002 by Cardinal Carlo Maria Martini, who had been a favorite of the Catholic left.

Seminaries

[edit]

The Major Seminary of the archdiocese has its principal seat in Venegono Inferiore. The minor seminary is located in Seveso. On 9 September 1566, Cardinal Carlo Borromeo entered into an agreement with the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) to staff his new seminary, beginning in 1567 and continuing for two years beyond his lifetime. He also issued detailed instructions for the conduct and education of the members of the seminary and its students.[39]

Bishops and archbishops

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A list of the bishops and archbishops of Milan is engraved on a plaque in the South nave of the Cathedral of Milan, but that list contains historical errors. The following list is based on the compilation of Eugenio Cazzani, but his list contains historical errors.[40]

Late antiquity

[edit]

  ○ [ Barnabas the Apostle (1st century) ][41]

  ○ [ Auxentius (355–374) ], Arian, intrusus[48]

Genoa period

[edit]
Sede vacante[61]

Middle Ages

[edit]

641 to 1100

[edit]

  ○ [ Gotofredo da Castiglione (1070–1075), intrusus ][70]

1100 to 1500

[edit]
Sede vacante (1257–1262)[82]

  ○ [ Timoteo Maffei (1454) ][90]

Modern period

[edit]

1497 to 1801

[edit]

  ○ Cardinal Ippolito I d'Este (1497–1520) Administrator[95]

Since 1801

[edit]
Sede vacante[110]

Present leadership

[edit]

The current Metropolitan Archbishop of Milan, Archbishop Mario Enrico Delpini, was appointed by Pope Francis on 7 July 2017. Delpini succeeded the retiring Cardinal Angelo Scola. He served previously as the Vicar-General and the Auxiliary Bishop of Milan.

Archbishop Delpini is assisted by three Auxiliary Bishops: Franco Agnesi, Giovanni Raimondi, and Giuseppe Vegezzi. The resignations of Bishops Luigi Stucchi and Ermino De Scalzi were accepted by Pope Francis on 30 April 2020. That same day, he appointed Giovanni Raimondi and Giuseppe Vegezzi as auxiliary bishops.[118] On 1 May 2022, the former Auxiliary Bishop Paolo Martinelli was appointed Vicar Apostolic for Southern Arabia.

Parishes

[edit]

The 1,104 parishes all fall within the region of Lombardy. They are divided between the Province of Bergamo, the Province of Como, the Province of Lecco, the Province of Milan, the Province of Pavia, and the Province of Varese.[119]

See also

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Notes and references

[edit]
  1. ^ "Archdiocese of Milano {Milan}" Catholic-Hierarchy.org David M. Cheney. Retrieved February 29, 2016.[self-published source]
  2. ^ "Metropolitan Archdiocese of Milano" GCatholic.org. Gabriel Chow. Retrieved February 29, 2016.[self-published source]
  3. ^ Cesare Alzati, George Guiver, Ambrosianum Mysterium: The Church of Milan and Its Liturgical Tradtion (NY: Grove Press 2009). Cappelletti IX, pp. 71-107.
  4. ^ "Milano laica e religiosa". L'Osservatore Romano (in Italian). 3 June 2012. Retrieved 15 March 2013.
  5. ^ Lanzoni, pp. 1009-1010.
  6. ^ Savio, p. 25: "Il primo scrittore che parlò di Anatolio fu Paolo Diacono, colla falsa notizia ch'egli fosse discepolo di S. Pietro." Paul the Deacon wrote in the 2nd half of the 8th century.
  7. ^ Savio, p. 124, with note 4: "Mediolanensem piissimam plebem quam tu furore terroris tui turbasti! Tribuni tui adierunt sancta sanctorum, et viam sibi omni per populum crudelitate pandentes, protraxerunt de altario sacerdotes! Levius te putas, sceleste, Iudaeorum impietate peccasse ? Effuderunt quidem illi Zachariae sanguinem ; sed quantum in te est, concorporatos Christo a Christo discidisti."
  8. ^ Giovanni Visonà (ed.), Cronologia Ambrosiana. Bibliografia Ambrosiana (1900–2000), (in Italian), (Milano: Biblioteca Ambrosiana; Roma: Città Nuova Editrice 2004), pp. 23-25.
  9. ^ Savio, pp. 224-225.
  10. ^ Savio, pp. 226-227.
  11. ^ Kehr VI, p. 45, no. 87.
  12. ^ Kehr VI, p. 46, no. 88.
  13. ^ Benigni, Umberto (1913). "Archdiocese of Milan" . In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  14. ^ Agostino Borromeo, "Archbishop Carlo Borromeo and the Ecclesiastical Policy of Philip II in the State of Milan," in: J.M. Hedley & J.B. Tomaro (edd.), San Carlo Borromeo and Ecclesiastical Politics in the Second Half of the Sixteenth Century (Washington DC: Folger Shakespeare Library 1988), pp. 85-86.
  15. ^ C. J. Hefele, Histoire des conciles (in French) (tr. Leclercq) Vol. 4, part 2 (Paris: Letouzey 1911), pp. 1126-1127.
  16. ^ Bonizo of Sutri, "Liber Ad Amicum," Book VI (in Latin) [Monumenta Germaniae Historica Libelli de lite (Hannover: Hahn 1891), vol. 1, p. 593: "His ita gestis, Normannis Apuliam remeantibus, legati Mediolanensium orant papam, ut eorum ecclesie funditus desolate misereretur. Huius réi gratia confestim venerabilis pontifex misit Petrum Damiani Hostiensem episcopum, virum omni scientia preditum, qui prefatam Mediolanensemh visitaret ecclesiam. Qui eo veniens magna cum discretione ea, que destructa invenerat, reedificabat."
  17. ^ Ughelli IV, pp. 111-112. J.D. Mansi, Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio, editio novissima (in Latin), Vol. 19 (Venice: A. Zatta 1764), pp. 907, 910. Bonizo of Sutri, pp. 593-594: "Sed non longo post tempore congregavit prefatus pontifex synodum, in qua Guido Mediolanensis episcopus volens nolens sedisse cogentibus Paterinis cognoscitur, ducens secum cervicosos tauros, Longobardos episcopos, id est Cunibertum Taurinensem et Giselmum Astensem et Benzonem Albensem et Gregorium Vercellensem et Ottonem Novariensem et Opizonem Laudensem et Aldemannum Brixinensem a. Quibus omnibus in eadem synodo preceptum est, ut sacerdotes et levitas concubinatos ab altaris arcerent officio. Erga symoniacos vero nullam b misericordiam habendam esse decreverunt." C.J. Hefele, Histoire des conciles (in French) (tr. Delarc) Vol. 6 (Paris: Adrien Le Clere 1871), pp. 324-325.
  18. ^ Kehr, Italia pontificia VI, pp. 47-48, nos. 95-99.
  19. ^ Ughelli IV, p. 114. Savio, p. 438.
  20. ^ Kehr IV, p. 49, no. 100.
  21. ^ Giovanni Pietro Giussano, The Life of St. Charles Borromeo, Cardinal Archbishop of Milan, Volume 1 (London: Burns & Oates 1884); Volume 2.
  22. ^ Acta Ecclesiae Mediolanensis a S. Carolo Card. Archiep. Condita. (in Latin) Volume 1 (Milan; Paolo Pagnonio 1843), pp. 365-465. Borromeo was in Rome in 1772, and did not participate in the III Diocesan Synod; his place was taken by his Vicar-General, Giovanni Battista Castellio.
  23. ^ The fourth synod was attended by the bishops of Lodi, Brescia, Cremona, Bergamo, Asti, Casale, Alessandrina, Vercelli, Alba Pompeia, Ventimiglia, and Novara; the bishops of Dertona, Acqui, and Savona did not attended, but were represented by procurators (Acta p. 204).
  24. ^ Acta Ecclesiae Mediolanensis a S. Carolo Card. Archiep. Condita. (in Latin) Volume 1 (Milan; Paolo Pagnonio 1843), pp. 3-61; II: pp. 65-86; III: pp. 87-114; IV: pp. 117-210; V: pp. 211-304; VI: pp. 305-336.
  25. ^ Silvino da Nadro, OFMCap, Sinodi diocesani italiani, (Città del Vaticano: Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana 1960), pp. 64, 67, 72, 75, 78, 84.
  26. ^ Wietse de Boer, The Conquest of the Soul: Confession, Discipline, and Public Order in Counter-Reformation Milan, (Leiden-Boston: E.J. Brill 2001), pp. 128-131.
  27. ^ Silvino da Nadro, pp. 97, 108, 112, 114, 117, 121, 124, 129, 131, 150, 163.
  28. ^ Silvino da Nadro, pp. 185, 193, 218.
  29. ^ Silvino da Nadro, pp. 237, 252.
  30. ^ Castiglioni (1954), "Gli Ordinari della Metropolitana...," pp. 23-24.
  31. ^ Castiglioni (1954), "Gli Ordinari della Metropolitana...," p. 24.
  32. ^ Savio, p. 622-623.
  33. ^ Savio, p. 627.
  34. ^ Savio, p. 631.
  35. ^ Savio, p. 634.
  36. ^ Savio, p. 639.
  37. ^ Castiglioni (1954), "Gli Ordinari della Metropolitana...," p. 5: "Servabuntur Capitala Ecclesiarum Metropolitanarum et Cathedralium, itemque Collegiatarum. saltem insigniorum. eaque convenienti honorum dotatione fruentur."
  38. ^ André Vieusseux, Italy and the Italians in the Nineteenth Century, Volume 1 (London: Charles Knight 1824), pp. 274-277.
  39. ^ Acta Ecclesiae Mediolanensis (ed. Achille Ratti) (in Latin), Vol. 3 (Milan: Typographia pontificia S. Josephi 1892), pp. 1266-1285.
  40. ^ Cazzani, Eugenio; Majo, Angelo (1996). Vescovi e arcivescovi di Milano (in Italian). Milano Milano: Massimo NED. ISBN 887030891X. OCLC 797465268.
  41. ^ The name of Barnabas first appears in connection with the Church of Milan in the 11th century. Lanzoni, p. 1009: "tutti i documenti e monumenti storici e liturgici anteriori al secolo XI, quelli della stessa Milano, ignorano affatto (o, meglio, escludono) l'episcopato milanese dell'apostolo Barnaba."
  42. ^ Anatalon, Anatolio: Savio, p. 25, pp. 49-59. Lanzoni, pp. 1010-1013.
  43. ^ Caius: Savio, pp. 60-73. Lanzoni, p. 1013.
  44. ^ Castricianus: Savio, pp. 73-77. Lanzoni, p. 1013.
  45. ^ Calimerus is said to have been a martyr, but Bishop Ambrose does not know him as such. Savio, pp. 78-92. Lanzoni, p. 1013.
  46. ^ Mona: Savio, pp. 92-94.
  47. ^ Bishop Mirocles attended the Roman synod of Pope Miltiades on 2 October 313. J.D. Mansi (ed), Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio, editio novissima (in Latin), Vol. 2 (Florence: A. Zatta 1759), p. 437. Lanzoni, p. 1013.
  48. ^ Auxentius was condemned by a church synod held by Pope Damasus I (366–384) in 372, and is considered an intruder by the Catholic Church. Savio, pp. 122-127; pp. 839-855.
  49. ^ Ambrosius: Savio, pp. 127-144.
  50. ^ Simplicianus was already in his mid-70s when recommended by Bishop Ambrose as his successor. Savio, pp. 145-150.
  51. ^ Bishop Laurentius was captured by King Odoacer, but was released on the death of the king in 493. He was summoned to Rome to the synod ad palmas, on 23 October 501, to judge the case of Pope Symmachus (498–514). J.D. Mansi (ed.), Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio, editio novissima (in Latin), Vol. 8 (Florence: A. Zatta 1762), p. 251. Cappelletti XI, p. 111. Savio, pp. 185-198; 210-217. Fedele Savio, "Le geste dell'arcivescovo Lorenzo I di Milano narrate da Ennodio," (in Italian), in: Rivista di scienze storiche vol. 4 (Pavia 1907), pp. 15-22; 103-112; 270-282.
  52. ^ Dacius: Cappelletti XI, pp. 115-116. Lanzoni, pp. 1023-1025.
  53. ^ Ausanus is called a schismatic by Pope Pelagius I, in a letter concerning the improper consecration of Archbishop Paulinus of Aquileia by Archbishop Ausanus of Milan. Savio, pp. 234-242. P. Jaffe, Regesta pontificum Romanorum Vol. 1, p. 130, no. 983. "Istum insuper non consecratum sed exsecratum esse, quod ordinatio eius et a schismatico episcopo nec servato utriusque ecclesiae more peracta sit." Lanzoni, pp. 1025-1026.
  54. ^ Honoratus: Savio, pp. 242-245.
  55. ^ Several outrageous tales are retailed about Fronto: that he was a simoniac, that he drowned in a swamp, that he condemned a priest to be burned, and, while on the way to view the spectacle, the earth opened up and swallowed him. Savio, pp. 245-249. Cappelletti, pp. 117-118.
  56. ^ Laurentius' profession of faith was received in Rome and subscribed by the future Pope Gregory when he was Prefect of Rome (571–573). Savio, pp. 249-251. Lanzoni, pp. 1027-1029.
  57. ^ Constantius, a deacon of Milan, had been in Constantinople in the suite of the papal nuncio who became Pope Gregory I, c. 578–585. Pope Gregory sent a Roman subdeacon to Genoa to ensure that Constantius was consecrated in the proper forms. Constantius died in 600, and in September 600 Pope Gregory sent a letter to the clergy of Milan (Kehr VI, p. 37, no. 45), warning them not to accept the nominations made by the Lombard king Agilulf, who was not an orthodox christian. Savio, pp. 251-266. He died on 3 September 600. Lanzoni, pp. 1029-1030.
  58. ^ Deodatus had Deacon of the church of Milan, and was confirmed by Pope Gregory I. Castiglioni (1954), "Gli Ordinari della Metropolitana...," p. 24.
  59. ^ Asterius is said to have presided for 10 years and 5 months. Savio, pp. 271-272.
  60. ^ Forte was archbishop for three years. Savio, pp. 272-273.
  61. ^ Savio, p. 280.
  62. ^ Archbishop Joannes was present at the Roman synod of Pope Martin I in October 649. Savio, pp. 273-282. The date of death of 669 is given in the rhythmic poem about Archbishop Joannes (Savio, p. 280), which is rejected. Joannes was given a term of 10 years in the episcopal lists.
  63. ^ Antoninus is credited with being archbishop for two years; he died on 31 October. Savio, p. 282. Cappelletti, p. 132, gives his regnal dates as 655–657.
  64. ^ In 679, at the request of the Emperor Constantine Pogonatus and of Pope Agatho, Archbishop Mansuetus held a provincial assembly in Milan, and sent a synodical letter to the emperor. Savio, pp. 284-286. C.J. Hefele, A History of the Councils of the Church Vol. 5 (Edinburgh: T.& T. Clark 1896), pp. 138-140.
  65. ^ Archbishop Natalis died at the age of 72, having governed the Church of Milan for 14 months, according to his funeral monument. Cappelletti XI, p. 133. Savio, pp. 297-299.
  66. ^ Thado died on 26 May 868. Ughelli IV, pp. 83-86. Savio, pp. 326-331.
  67. ^ Heribertus had been Deacon of the cathedral of Milan. Castiglioni (1954), "Gli Ordinari della Metropolitana...," p. 25. Carlo Annoni, Monumenti della prima metà del secolo XI. spettaati al Arcivescovo di Milano Ariberto da Intimiano (in Italian) (Milano: Alessandro Lombardi 1872).
  68. ^ Guido was not a member of the aristocracy, but middle class. He was chosen by the emperor Henry III over four official candidates. In 1066/1067, he was suspended from his functions by Pope Alexander II at a Roman synod, on grounds of simony. Archbishop Guido died on 23 August 1071. Ughelli IV, pp. 107-114. Hefele IV (1911), p. 1127. Savio, p. 427, 429. J.N.D. Kelly & M.J. Walsh, Oxford Dictionary of Popes, 2nd ed. (Oxford: OUP 2010), p. 153, col. 2.
  69. ^ Atto was elected on the Feast of the Epiphany (6 January) 1072. Savio, p. 430.
  70. ^ Gotofredo (II): Ughelli IV, p. 114. Savio, p. 438.
  71. ^ Savio, pp. 430-446.
  72. ^ Archbishop Arnulf died on 24 September 1097. Savio, p. 452.
  73. ^ The election of a successor of Archbishop Arnulf was complicated by violent disorders and a murder. The papal legate, Bishop-elect Armanno of Brescia, took charge, and summoned an assembly in the Basilica Ambrosiana, where he proposed the name of Anslem da Bovisio, the Provost of the canons of S. Lorenzo. Though he was vigorously opposed by Landolfo di S. Paolo, he was elected, and consecrated on 3 November 1097. He died while on crusade, in Constantinople, on 30 September 1101 (Savio, p. 459). Savio, pp. 452-461.
  74. ^ Giordano: Ughelli IV, pp. 132-135.
  75. ^ Roboaldus was a member of the family of the counts of Gebenna. He had been a canon ordinary and then archdeacon of the cathedral Chapter. He was bishop of Alba Pompeia, and then archbishop of Milan. Castiglioni (1954), "Gli Ordinari della Metropolitana...," p. 26.
  76. ^ Ubertus Pirovannus had been archdeacon of the cathedral Chapter (1144). Castiglioni (1954), "Gli Ordinari della Metropolitana...," p. 26.
  77. ^ Elected Pope Urban III in 1185, but retained the archdiocese of Milan as administrator until his death
  78. ^ Ubertus was elected on 11 December 1206. He died on 13 March 1211. Cappelletti, pp. 188-189. Eubel I, p. 322.
  79. ^ Gerardo Sesso da Parma had been Bishop of Novara (1209–1211). He was transferred to Milan on 4 May 1211. Gerardo died on 15 December 1211. Ughelli IV, p. 177. Cappelletti IX, p. 189. Eubel I, p. 322, 371.
  80. ^ Enrico: Ughelli IV, pp. 177-182.
  81. ^ Archbishop Leone died on 14 October 1257 (Savio, p. 610, not 16 October 1263, as Eubel I, p. 358). Savio, pp. -610.
  82. ^ During the vacancy, the church of Milan was governed by the Archpriest Azzo. Savio, Savio, p. 611.
  83. ^ On 22 July 1262, Pope Urban IV, acting through the papal legate, Cardinal Ottaviano Ubaldini, named Ottone Visconti archbishop of Milan. Visconti died at Chiaravalle on 8 August 1295, at the age of 88. He had been archbishop for 33 years. Savio, pp. 611-648. E. Cattaneo, "Ottone Visconti arcivescovo di Milano," (in Italian), in: Contributi dell’Istituto di storia medievale, I, Raccolta di studi in memoria di Giovanni Soranzo (Milano 1968), pp. 129-165.
  84. ^ On 11 April 1295, Pope Boniface VIII reserved to himself the right to appoint the next archbishop. On 31 October 1295, he appointed Ruffino de Frissato, the Archdeacon of Reims. Nine months later he died in Rome, in March 1296, after the 7th. Savio, pp. 649-650. Cappelletti, p. 216 (with the wrong date of death). Eubel I, p. 358.
  85. ^ Francesco da Parma had been Archbishop of Messina. He was transferred to Milan by Pope Boniface VIII on 23 August 1296. Savio, pp. 650-659.
  86. ^ Archbishop Giovanni died on 5 (not 29) October 1354. Gigliola Soldi Rondinini, "Visconti, Giovanni I (1290-1354)," (in Italian), in: Dizionario della Chiesa ambrosiana Vol. VI (Milano 1993), pp. 3968-3970.
  87. ^ A. Palestra, Roberto Visconti, arcivescovo di Milano (1354-1360), (in Italian) Milano, 1971 [Archivio ambrosiano, vol. 19]. Gigliola Soldi Rondinini, "Visconti, Roberto (+ 1361)," (in Italian), in: Dizionario della Chiesa ambrosiana Vol. VI (Milano 1993), pp. 3974-3976.
  88. ^ Francesco (III) Piccolpasso had been Bishop of Dax (1423–1427), and Bishop of Pavia (1427-1433). Eubel I, pp. 97, 320; II, p. 188.
  89. ^ Antonio Rimoldi, "Visconti, Giovanni II (+ 1453)," (in Italian), in: Dizionario della Chiesa ambrosiana Vol. VI (Milano 1993), pp. 3970-3971.
  90. ^ Following the death of Archbishop Amidano on 21 March, the ruler of Milan, Francesco Sforza, submitted two names to Pope Nicholas V, to choose a new archbishop. The pope chose Timoteo Maffei, who promptly refused the honor. Carlo Marcora, "Frate Gabriele Sforza, Acivescovo di Milano (1454-1457)," (in Italian and Latin), in Memorie storiche della Diocesi di Milano Vol. 1 (Milano: Biblioteca Ambrosiana, 1954), p. 236.
  91. ^ Carlo Marcora, "Frate Gabriele Sforza, Acivescovo di Milano (1454-1457)," (in Italian and Latin), in Memorie storiche della Diocesi di Milano Vol. 1 (Milano: Biblioteca Ambrosiana, 1954), pp. 236-331. Eubel, Hierarchia catholica II, p. 188.
  92. ^ Carlo da Forli, O.S.B.: Carlo Marcora, "Carlo da Forli arcivescovo di Milano (1457-1461)," (in Italian and Latin), in Memorie storiche della Diocesi di Milano Vol. 2 (Milano: Biblioteca Ambrosiana, 1955), pp. 235-333. Eubel, Hierarchia catholica II, p. 188.
  93. ^ Cardinal Giovanni: Carlo Marcora, "Due fratelli Arcivescovi di Milano: il Cardinale Giovanni (1484-1488) e Guidantonio Arcimboldi (1488-1497)," (in Italian and Latin), in Memorie storiche della Diocesi di Milano Vol. 4 (Milano: Biblioteca Ambrosiana, 1957), pp. 288-467. Eubel II, p. 188 with notes 5 & 6.
  94. ^ Marcora (1957), pp. 319-328. Eubel II, p. 188 with notes 5 & 6.
  95. ^ Cardinal Ippolito d'Este (I), son of the duke of Ferrara, was never consecrated a bishop. He resigned in favor of his nephew on 20 May 1519, and died in Ferrara on 3 September 1520. Eubel II, p. 188; III, p. 5, no. 20. Carlo Marcora, "Il Cardinal Ippolito I d'Este, Arcivescovo di Milano (1497-1519)," (in Italian and Latin), in Memorie storiche della Diocesi di Milano Vol. 5 (Milano: Biblioteca Ambrosiana, 1958), pp. 325-520.
  96. ^ Ippolito (II) was appointed at the age of 10, and therefore could not be bishop, only administrator, until 1537 at the earliest. He was appointed a cardinal by Pope Paul III on 20 December 1538. At the time of his resignation in March 1550, he was still Administrator, and still not in holy orders: Marcora, La Chiesa Milanese (1960), p. 394: "...Cu ni ilaque hodie tu qui ecclesiani Mediolanenseni ex concessione et dispensatione apostolica in administrationem obtinebas administrationi huiusmodi in manibus nostris sponte et libere cesseris Nosque cessionem huiusmodi admittentes...." Eubel III, pp. 26, no. 26; 240. Carlo Marcora: "Ippolito II Arcivescovo di Milano (1519-1550)," (in Italian and Latin), in Memorie storiche della Diocesi di Milano Vol. 6 (Milano: Biblioteca Ambrosiana, 1959), pp. 305-521.
  97. ^ Archinto had most recently been papal Nuncio to Venice. He was nominated by Pope Paul IV on 16 December 1556, but the governor of Milan refused to allow him entry until he had consulted King Philip II in Spain. The placitum was delayed, due to the war in progress between Spain and the Papacy, and was not granted until 15 January 1558. The governor of Milan, Juan de Fonseca, was in no hurry to admit Archinto. He died in Bergamo of a fever on 21 June 1558, without ever having been installed in Milan. Eubel, Hierarchia catholica III, p. 240. G. Alberigo, "Filippo Archinto", (in Italian), in: Dizionario Biografico degh Italiani, Vol. 3 (Rome, 1961), pp. 761-764. Agostino Borromeo, "Archbishop Carlo Borromeo and the Ecclesiastical Policy of Philip II in the State of Milan," in: J.M. Hedley & J.B. Tomaro (edd.), San Carlo Borromeo and Ecclesiastical Politics in the Second Half of the Sixteenth Century (Washington DC: Folger Shakespeare Library 1988), pp. 92-93 with note 46.
  98. ^ Borromeo was only 21 when appointed archbishop on 7 February 1560, by Pope Pius IV; he was therefore properly the Apostolic Administrator of the diocese. He was consecrated a bishop on 7 December 1563, and appointed archbishop on 12 May 1564. He died on 3 November 1584. Ughelli IV, p. 276. Eubel, Hierarchia catholica III, p. 240 with note 11. Susanna Peyronel. "Borromeo, Carlo," (in Italian), in: Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani Volume 13 (1971).
  99. ^ A. Borromeo, "Gaspare Visconti arcivescovo di Milano e la Curia romana," (in Italian), in: Studia borromaica, vol. 1 (1987), pp. 9-44.
  100. ^ F. Borromeo died on 21 December 1631. Gauchat, Hierarchia catholica IV, p. 237 with note 2.
  101. ^ Massimo Carlo Giannini, "Una carriera diplomatica barocca: Cesare Monti arcivescovo di Milano e agente della politica papale (1632–1650)," (in Italian), in: Quellen und Forschungen aus italienischen Archiven und Bibliotheken 94 (2014), pp. 252-291. Gauchat IV, p. 237 with note 3.
  102. ^ Litta: Gauchat IV, p. 237 with note 4.
  103. ^ Federico (II) was a native of Milan, and a holder of the degree of Doctor in utroque iure (JUD). He had been an Auditor of the Rota. He was appointed archbishop of Milan in the papal consistory of 23 June 1681, by Pope Innocent XI. He died on 7 January 1693. Ughelli IV, p. 279-280. Ritzler & Sefrin, Hierarchia catholica V, p. 263 with note 2. Danilo Zardin, "Visconti, Federico (1617-1693)," (in Italian), in: Dizionario della Chiesa ambrosiana Vol. VI (Milano 1993), pp. 3962-3963.
  104. ^ Caccia: Ritzler & Sefrin V, p. 263 with note 3.
  105. ^ Archinto: Ritzler & Sefrin V, p. 263 with note 4.
  106. ^ Odescalchi: Ritzler & Sefrin V, p. 263 with note 5.
  107. ^ Stampa: Ritzler & Sefrin VI, p. 284 with note 2. Paola Vismara Chiappa, "Stampa, Carlo Gaetano (1667-1742)," (in Italian), in: Dizionario della Chiesa ambrosiana Vol. VI (Milano 1993), pp. 3540-3541.
  108. ^ Pozzobonelli's receipt of the placet on his appointment was delayed by the Court in Vienna, because, according to Pope Benedict XIV, Vienna had not been consulted before his choice as archbishop of Milan. Benedict XIV (ed. E. de Heeckeren), Correspondence de Benoît XIV, (Paris: Plon 1912), p. 89 (11 October 1743). Ritzler & Sefrin VI, p. 284 with note 3. Paola Vismara, Settecento religioso in Lombardia, (in Italian) (Milan: Nuove Edizioni Duomo 1994), pp. 105-108.
  109. ^ Visconti: Ritzler & Sefrin VI, p. 284 with note 4. Cristina Corazza, "Visconti, Filippo (1721-1801)," (in Italian), in: Dizionario della Chiesa ambrosiana Vol. VI (Milano 1993), pp. 3963-3966.
  110. ^ During the vacancy, the diocese was administered by the Vicar-General Capitular, Msgr. Carlo Sozzi. Marco Pippione, "Sozzi, Carlo (1752-1824)," (in Italian), in: Dizionario della Chiesa ambrosiana Vol. VI (Milano 1993), p. 3507.
  111. ^ Gaisruck: Carlo Castiglioni, Gaysruck e Romilli arcivescovi di Milano (in Italian) Milano: Ancora, 1938.
  112. ^ Nazari was Bishop of Casale-Monferrato from 1847 to 1867. He was appointed archbishop of Milan by Pope Pius IX on 27 March 1867. He died on 23 October 1893. Ritzler & Sefrin, Hierarchia catholica VIII, pp. 187, 376.
  113. ^ Tosi, Bishop of Adria, was appointed archbishop of Milan by Pope Pius XI (Ratti) on 7 March 1922. He was named a cardinal in the papal consistory of 11 December 1922. He died on 7 January 1929. Acta Apostolicae Sedis vol. 14 (1922), pp. 160, 614; vol. 21 (1929), p. 32. Antonio Rimoldi, "Tosi, Eugenio (1864-1929)," (in Italian), in: Dizionario della Chiesa ambrosiana Vol. VI (Milano 1993), pp. 3691-3694.
  114. ^ Schuster had been abbot of the Benedictine monastery of S. Paolo fuori le mure in Rome. He was appointed archbishop of Milan on 26 June 1929. He died on 30 August 1954. Acta Apostolicae Sedis vol. 21 (1929), p. 350. Peter Hebblethwaite, Paul VI: the First Modern Pope (New York: Paulist Press 1993), p. 258.
  115. ^ Hebblethwaite, Paul VI: the First Modern Pope, pp. 260-294.
  116. ^ Colombo, who was a member of the papal Commission on Seminaries, Studies, and Catholic Education, had been titular bishop of Philippopolis (Arabia), and Auxiliary Bishop of Milan. He was named archbishop of Milan on 10 August 1963, by Pope Paul VI (Montini). Acta Apostolicae Sedis 55 (1963), p. 126, 772.
  117. ^ "Delpini, messa in Sant'Ambrogio: 'Mi scuso se ho rubato la scena'". Corriere della Sera (in Italian). 9 September 2017. Retrieved 10 September 2017.
  118. ^ "Resignations and Appointments, 30.04.2020". Holy See Press Office. Holy See. 30 April 2020. Retrieved 30 April 2020.
  119. ^ Source for parishes: CCI (2008), Parrocchie, Chiesa Cattolica Italiana, archived from the original on 2008-03-10, retrieved 2008-03-14.

Sources

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Episcopal lists

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Studies

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  • Boito, Camillo & Salveraglio, Filippo (1889). Il duomo di Milano e i disegni per la sua facciata. (in Italian). Milano: Luigi Marchi 1889.
  • Cappelletti, Giuseppe (1856). Le chiese d'Italia dalla loro origine sino ai nostri giorni (in Italian). Vol. undecimo (11). Venice: G. Antonelli. pp. 35–305.
  • Castiglioni, Carlo (1948). La Chiesa milanese durante il Seicento. (in Italian). Milano: La Famiglia Meneghina, 1948.
  • Castiglioni, Carlo (1954). "Gli Ordinari della Metropolitana attraverso i secoli," (in Italian). In Memorie storiche della Diocesi di Milano. Vol. 1. Milano: Biblioteca Ambrosiana, 1954, pp. 11-56. [Canons of the cathedral Chapter]
  • Kehr, Paul Fridolin (1902). "Papsturkunden in Mailand," (in German). In: Nachrichten von der Königlich Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen. Philologisch-historische Klasse vol. 1 (1902), pp. 67-129.
  • Kehr, Paul Fridolin (1913). Italia pontificia Vol. VI. pars i. (in Latin). Berolini: Weidmann. pp. 24-119.
  • Lanzoni, Francesco (1927). Le diocesi d'Italia dalle origini al principio del secolo VII (an. 604). Faenza: F. Lega. (in Italian) Pp. 996-1032.
  • Majo, Angelo (ed.). Dizionario della chiesa ambrosiana. (in Italian). 6 vols. Milano: Nuove Edizioni Duomo 1993.
  • Marcora, Carlo (1959). "Serie cronologica dei vicari generali della diocesi di Milano dal 1210 al 1930," (in Italian). In: Memorie storiche per la diocesi di Milano Vol. 6 (Milano 1959), pp. 252-282.
  • Marcora, Carlo (1960). "La Chiesa Milanese nel decennio 1550-1560," (in Italian and Latin). In Memorie storiche della Diocesi di Milano Vol. 7 (Milano: Biblioteca Ambrosiana, 1960), pp. 254-501.
  • Sala, Aristide (1854, 1855). Documenti per In storia della Diocesi di Milano. (in Italian and Latin) Milano: Pugliani 1854. Volume 2 (Milano Pugliani 1855).
  • Savio, Fedele (1904). "La «Datiana Historia», o vita dei primi vescovi di Milano," (in Italian). In Rivista di scienze storiche Vol. 1 (1904), pp. 270-282; 385-397; 480-489.
  • Savio, Fedele (1913). Gli antichi vescovi d'Italia dalle origini al 1300 descritti per regioni: La Lombardia, Parte 1: Milano. (in Italian). Firenze: Libreria Editrice Fiorentina, 1913.
  • Saxius, Iosephus & Oltrocchi, Balthasar (1755). Archiepiscoporum mediolanensium series historico-chronologica ad criticae leges, et veterum monumentorum fidem illustrata. (in Latin). Volume 1. Milan: Regia Curia 1755. Volume 2 (c. 750–1370).
  • Ughelli, Ferdinando ; Coleti, Nicola (1719). Italia sacra, sive De episcopis Italiæ, et insularum adjacentium (in Latin). Vol. 4 (Tomus quartus). Venice: apud Sebastianum Coleti. pp. 1–281.
  • Vigotti, G. (1987). Papi, cardinali, arcivescovi e vescovi milanesi. (in Italian). Milano, NED, 1987.
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